Rsync is a fast and versatile file synchronization tool that allows to copy and sync files locally and from rsync service or any device that supports remote shell (Rsync does not support synchronization between remote devices). Rsync offers a large number of options that control every aspect of its behaviour and permit very flexible specification of the set of files to be copied.
16 Practical rsync examples Read More »
find is a utility that allows to search files (regular file, directory, symbolic link…) through a hierarchy of directories, it is powerful and feature-rich.
25 Practical examples of the find command Read More »
To refresh the aliases defined in .bashrc run:
$ source .bashrc
Or
$ exec bash
Refresh alias defined in .bashrc Read More »
grep is a command-line utility that allows searching of words and/or patterns in a file or group of files. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search a regular expression and print). Grep does a global search by keyword or regular expression and print all matching lines on the standard output.
14 Practical examples of the grep command Read More »
Regularly I use ps ax | grep pattern to get information about a particular process, but in the oupout the grep process is shown, how to avoid this?
Simply encloses within square brackets the first letter or number of the pattern, for example:
Exclude the process grep on ps ax output Read More »
Desktop like GNOME, KDE, XFCE, LXDE have a task manager that allows you to terminate a process using the graphical interface, but not always we have managers like these or we simply work without graphical interface (server) and we need to kill a particular process because it does not respond to any action, and that's when should lend hands to the console
Kill GNU/Linux process from the command line Read More »
To run a remote command on GNU/Linux or another UNIX variant, you must be able to access the remote server through ssh
$ ssh servidor-remoto command
Remote commands on GNU/Linux Read More »
Nano, improved version of Pico, is a friendly, lightweight and flexible text editor, it is ideal to make simple edits. Nano is a modeless text editor (no need to run any command or key combination to start editing the selected file). Once started it shows in the first line: the current version, the name of the file being edited and whether it has been modified or not; then the file in question, in the third line from the bottom up the important messages and in the last 2 lines the most common shortcuts, see figure. The main keys for Nano are: Ctrl (^) and Esc (M), ie with Esc or Ctrl and another key combination we can execute an action. Within its essential features we can mention:
nano flexible and lightweight text editor[/caption]
nano [OPCIONES] [+LINE,COLUMN] file
nano +20,23 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
nano file1.txt
Make relevant modifications and
Ctrl o
Nano it will request confirmation on the file that you want to modify, press:
Enter
Esc 6
Ctrl k
Ctrl u
Esc a
To copy / cut / paste the selected lines use
Esc 6/Ctrl k/Ctrl u
respectively
Esc \
Esc /
Esc g
Nano will request the line and column number to which you want to go, type:
10,20
Ctrl a
Ctrl e
Esc ]
Ctrl v
Ctrl y
Ctrl w
Ctrl w Esc r
Repeat last search
Esc w
Esc m
Ctrl g
Nano: lightweight and flexible text editor Read More »
In the GNU/Linux world, it is common to use lowercase characters to identify files and directories, to illustrate the above we show the DIRs that are found under the /etc/apache2 DIR on Debian GNU/Linux
/etc/apache2/ ├── conf-available ├── conf-enabled ├── mods-available ├── mods-enabled ├── sites-available └── sites-enabled
so if you have one or several DIRs in uppercase or lowercase and uppercase at the same time and for uniformity want to all be lowercase then you can rely on the following script.
[githubget repo=1]sysadmin/shscript/tolower.sh[/githubget]To use the script download here
chmod a+x tolower.sh
./tolower.sh nombre-del-fichero
Shell script to rename to lowercase files and directories Read More »
If you want to concatenate RewriteCond with logical AND it is enough to put them one under the other view:
– Convert url to lower case using Apache HTTP
If you want to concatenate them with a logical OR then we must use the [OR] operator
Concatenating RewriteCond Read More »